[akaringo444]

I need help with joshi (or jyoshi; particles). This is referring to the use of the particle "de". I know that "de" can be used to indicate the cost of something (how much you paid for something). What I'm confused about is an expression "zenbu de". I'm assuming zenbu de indicates how much an item costs and not how much you paid for it? Also can de be used for quantity expressions?

I also have a question about the particle ni. It can be used to refer to
location of existence (indicates where something is located; ex:the cat is under the table; the apple is on the table). I've also heard the use of ni in this use is general and is used primarily to indicate where places or things are located. Is this right?

The uses of de and ni are so similar that it's confusing to me. Help with how each particle is used (how de is used and how ni is used) and the differences between how they're used would be much appreciated. I'm trying to understand how particles are used, but it's really confusing.


Oh a bit off topic in regards to this post, however I was wondering about this. What is a direct object (simple and clear definition that isn't confusing). What is an indirect object, a subject, and a predicate (simple and clear definitions with each, not confusing please). I know some parts of English grammar, but others are clear as mud to me, because I haven't studied basic English grammar since I was in elementary school.