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Originally Posted by Xuande
I figured my explanation was kind of confusing so I edited it and tried to include a good example of what I'm getting at. Also, do shirimasu and shitteimasu both mean "I know".
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OK, I see now what you are saying. You are correct, with some verbs it is used a little differently.
やせる is "to lose weight" but you can say ”A-さんはやせている " meaning A-san is thin.
The same is true for the opposite word, 太る （ふとる） which means to gain weight/get fat.
彼は太る （かれはふとる） He will gain weight
彼は太っている (かれはふとっている） He is overweight
These are "statements of condition" and sometimes, but not always, are stated in the ～ている form. Statements of condition usually come in the form of an adjective in English, but in Japanese can be an adjective, or sometimes a verb in this form
元気している （げんきしている） "Feeling good/in good shape/healthy" is another example.