Unfortunately, there aren't man ways to tell if a verb ending in -ru is a godan or an ichidan. You have judge by seeing the different verb forms: if a past form ends in -tta it's a godan, in -ta it's an ichidan, if the negative form is -ranai it's a godan, if it's -nai it's an ichidan, and so on.
It's like in english, when you say, for example, that the past form of the verb "to spell" is "spelt" and not "spelled". You just know it, there's no way to determine it.
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If i was to say 日本語をならう （learn Japanese), how would i change it to negative and past tense.
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negative -> 日本語を習わない
past -> 日本語を習った