Some of my favorite foods are still missing from this thread, so I'll add them (I've had most of the foods pictured so far as well).
Zosui:
Rice, meat, and vegetable stew/soup, often thickened with egg. There was a tiny restaurant a block from the train station in my town that made the best zosui... in fact, it was a specialty restaurant, and that is all they served! But they had 23 different flavors to choose from, including chicken, mountain vegetable, many varieties of seafood, etc. The chicken was my favorite though. What was so great about the place? They made each order just for you... they'd assemble the ingredients into a miniature iron pot, cook it on the stove, and then bring the iron pot to the table! 1 pot was enough for about 2 small bowls (though if I was hungry I could eat it all myself). The iron pot kept the zosui nice and hot, and it was soooo good on cold rainy days!
Kara'age:
Japanese-style fried chicken. The batter is lighter, more tempura-like than KFC. A restaurant shaped like a triangle in the town where I lived had the best kara'age, and I probably ate it twice a week the whole 2 years I was there! It is my favorite single Japanese food, when it is made right (I haven't had decent kara'age since returning to the US, and I really miss it...)
Tonkatsu:
Pork cutlet in a light, flaky batter. Good tokatsu is thick and meaty, rather than mostly batter and a thin piece of meat.
Probably the best tonkatsu I had was at a restaurant underneath Namba station in Osaka. Theirs was huge and the chicken katsu was also great.