I just wanted to add one little tidbit to this.
You can manage to weasel your way into teaching as at a Japanese school as something other than an "English Conversation" teacher - but it`s still English, only taught in Japanese. English grammar is generally taught by Japanese teachers, as native English speakers usually don`t have the grasp of the Japanese and the knowledge of their native language to efficiently explain grammatical points. Just speaking a language isn`t nearly enough to explain it.
I actually have the qualifications for this, but as I finished my degree and certification after my son was born... Well, I`ve never so much as applied for a position. But schools I have had contact with were quite impressed, and I have been invited to apply for a position at a rather prestigious junior high school. Unfortunately, when I chose the path I had no idea my son would have significant medical and developmental issues that would require the level of attention that they do. Chances are, I`ll never work in a school. *sigh*
To answer some of the questions...
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what age are the university students?
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Most likely the same age as university students in your country.
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what type of things would i teach?
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You would teach your specialty - what you have the knowledge and background to teach. A university is a bit different than an elementary school. Teachers have qualifications and certifications in what they are teaching - not just a general teaching certificate.
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what is a day like for a teacher?
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In a university? I think this varies quite a lot based on what you`re teaching. Most teachers have a "research lab", with dedicated students pursuing their degrees in the teacher`s specialty.
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are there any ultra specific qualifications? (besides what has already been mentioned)
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Having in depth knowledge of a specific area of study, and having the qualifications to back that up.
In other words, you rarely set out to become a university professor. You reach a point in your studies where you feel it would benefit others to share that knowledge. If you haven`t even the slightest idea of what you`re interested in... You have a very VERY long way to go.