This is my opinion only and some might disagree but 10 days in Osaka or any other cities is WAY too much on a 3 week itinerary. Unless our budget is so EXTREMELY tight that you cant afford transportation i say you should get out of Osaka after 3-4 days. 5 max if you really want to use it as a hub for day trips but you can also get accomodations elsewhere.
From my point of view your aiming for a backpacking trip so you should make one. Dont get lazy, dont stay for too long at same places. I would say 4 days max for the big 3 (Osaka, Kyoto, Tokyo) and 2 days for the others(Matsumoto, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, etc...) and do some stuff in between those while your on your way from point A to B.(Nara, Nikko, Himeji, Koya-san, etc...) Move move move and make the most out of your time. If you plan well. 3 weeks in japan can be extremely worth it since transportation there is FABULOUS. Trains, bus, subways taking you from point A to Z.
Quote:
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Japan's rainy season lasts about 40 days during the months of June and July. Also, August to October is the typhoon season in Japan. It's important to check the weather often during the typhoon season. Japan Information Network indicates that Japan has an unusually high amount of rainfall, averaging 1,700-1,800 millimeters per year.
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climate in japan - weather in japan
So to make it simple: bring an umbrella...well actually dont...just buy one in one at one of the 1 000 000 000 000 convenience store in Japan.
I agree with burkhartdesu. You need to buy yourself a lonely planet. Even tho the ammount of information in there can be quite intimidating it is still a bible and worth its weight in gold and will probably answer 95% of your questions regarding itinerary and other stuff as well.
if you ahave more questions be specific
Have fun.
EDIT: climate wise...the conditions wont be out of this world, even tho it will be hot and humid but you will also get a lots of rainfall which can sometimes ruins your day. I want in April-May and got maybe 4-5 days of non-stop rain which almost ruined my day at some BIG sights like Nikko, Yamadera and others.