Pretty much every place has done this. New York City was once called New Amsterdam, but when the Dutch lost control, the name changed.
Istanbul in Turkey was once Constantinople. Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam was renamed from Saigon after the Vietnam War.
Take a look at a ton of African country names, too. For example, DR Congo was once called Zaire until it ousted Mobutu.
I could go on, but this whole thread is off-topic.
