You know, I'd almost recommend learning the most common kanji found in food rather than entire food names since you're doing sort of a crash course. When I lived there, my first few months of eating out involved such detective work before I learned more.
For example, it's not likely you'll be able to memorize 200 long phrases if you've never studied kanji before, like 揚げ出し豆腐, but if you learn 豆 is bean, or that bean followed by something hideously complicated (腐) is "tofu", then you'll have a basic idea of what you're ordering. (The long one is agedashidoufu, deliciously fried tofu served with a yummy sauce).
I would sit down and think of a list of very basic food ideas in English and then go look them up in Japanese and make flash cards. More examples:
肉 - niku, meat in general or sometimes beef specifically
鳥 - tori, bird but usually means chicken in terms of food
牛 - gyuu - beef
卵 - tamago - egg
魚 - sakana - fish
野菜 - yasai - vegetables
そば - soba
うどん -udon
酒 - sake - Japanese sake or sometimes alcohol in general
丼 - don, "bowl", as in a bowl of rice with stuff on top, like 牛丼
飲み物 - nomimono - drink
食べ物 - tabemono - food
And two long but magical phrases, worth memorizing:
食べ放題 - tabehoudai
のも放題 -nomihoudai
All you can eat or all you can drink, respectively, for a set period of time, ordering off a set menu.
Good luck and enjoy your trip!
