it is mostly like this:
verbs with a stem ending with the i (ki, ri, shi, mi, ni,...) will often be verbs that can easily be put in the potential form.
example:
行きますー行けます ー 行くことができます
話しますー話せますー話すことができます
読みますー読めますー読むことができます
tho verbs ending with an e sound will have another conjugation: ～られます
食べますー食べられますー食べることができます
tho some verbs just dont sound right if you put them into the potential form, like なります.
For example in the sentence you used:
if I read books, I will become smart. well, in this sentence you implement that if you read a book, you definitely will become smart, therefore you cant use a potential form in Japanese.
Though your idea was understandable, but it is just one of the many exceptions in Japanese
Hope I helped a bit