[steven]

Something I love about the internet now is Youtube! There is a good chance that you will find a bunch of videos of Japanese apartments on there. You've got English down, so first try a search in English.

Then try these:
マンション
アパート

Those simple searches will hopefully get you some more information (if not mostly visual information).

Edit:
About my own apartment (which may be slightly larger than usual because I live in the country side): I have a kitchen, a small porch (with just enough room to hang clothes to dry), a bedroom, a Japanese style room with tatami flooring (a washitsu), a bathroom (with a sink room, a shower/bath room, and a toilet room). I only have a washing machine, so I have to hang dry my clothes.

Lifestyles change from season to season. For example, in the winter people will use a kotatsu (look it up on google images/youtube). People also do a lot of living on the floor. Instead of beds, a lot of people use futons (which also change in thickness depending on the season). I have a couch that is kind of like a zabuton (which is like a cushion on the floor).

We don't have a garbage disposal in the sink... so whatever you shove down the sink, you have to take out and throw it away in the regular trash. This also might be a prefecture specific thing, but we also have to separate our trash into burnable and non burnable... and the non-burnable trash has to be separated even further. They're very strict on trash here.