[Cola]

Hello. I'll try to give you hints without completely spoiling everything.

あの男の学生は日本語のきょうがしょをともっていうか ら、きっと___________________でしょう。
Ano otoko no gakusei wa nihongo no kyougasho wo tomotte iru kara, kitto_________ deshou.

It sounds to me like "That male student is burning his japanese textbook so, surely he's (or it's) ________" But that sounds crazy lol

Well, first of all, no big deal, but textbook is "きょうかしょ", with a hard か. Now, your romanization has "tomotte iru" but in Japanese you wrote "ともっていう" (tomo tte iu). とも would mean friend or companion, いう in this context would mean "to call" (as in, to say something is ___), and って is a casual version of the particle と when quoting. So in other words, it means something like "That male student calls his Japanese textbook his friend".

今日は、とても寒くて、くもがたくさん___________から、� �� ��るは_________かもしれませんね。
Kyou wa, totemo samukute, kumo ga takusan ______ kara, yoru wa ______ kamoshiremasen.

"Today, and its very cold, clouds will probably _______ therefore, the night might _______." I have no idea if this is close or what to put in the blanks.

Very close! You're just focusing a little too much on "probably" right now. Notice that after "くもがたくさん____" is the word "から”, which means "because", not "probably". In the example below, you translated から as "therefore", and in the example above as "so", both of which also work just fine.

山下さんはスポーツが上手_______から、　きっとテニス� � �_______でしょう。
Yamashita-san wa supootsu ga jouzu______kara, kitto tenisu mo _____ deshou.

"Yamashita is good at sports _______ therefore, surely probably ______ tennis too." Again that's my interpretation and I have no idea what to put in the blanks.

上手 is a な-adjective. There's something that must go between な-adjectives and the word から. If you don't remember, try reviewing から in your textbook. As for the rest, well, Yamashita's good at sports, right? Tennis is a sport . . .

小川さんは、ねむそうですね。たくさんしゅくだいが___ _____から、きのうのよるはぜんぜん___________かもしれな� � �ね。
Ogawa-san wa, nemu sou desu ne. Takusan shukudai ga ______ kara, kinou no yoru wa zenzen _____ kamoshirenai ne.

“Ogawa is sleeping, huh? His homework probably _______ so, last night probably _______ not at all.” I have no clue about this one either.

Again, very close. ねている/ねています/ねむっている/ねむっています etc. would be "is sleeping". Notice that そう is tacked on to ねむ. Have you studied そう yet? そう can either mean "seems ___" or "I heard ____". You can tell which it's supposed to be by the form of the word that goes before it - use the dictionary form of a word before そう to indicate "I heard ___"; use the stem form of a word before そう to indicate "seems ___". Examples:

あついそうです。
I heard it's hot.

小川さんは行くそうです。
I heard Ogawa's going.

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あつそうです。
It seems hot.

小川さんは行きそうです。
It seems that Ogawa is going.

The tricky part with your sentence is that the verb ねむる (to sleep) looks similar to the adjective ねむい (sleepy). But I'll tell you right now that there is no such verb as "ねむ".

Also, just like with くも above, after "しゅくだいが____" is the word "から”.

I hope that helps!