09-17-2011, 02:02 PM
To Answer your first question:
Yes, green ones are JR (as the line is always named JR as well) and the pink ones are Private (So in you example name the operator is Tobu).
Usually u can cover most trips with the JR pass, if you go from Tokyo to Sapporo on Local trains only (wich is did with the seishun 18 kippu) you will only need 640yen for a private line once. You can also use JR buses that operate smaller places, like in Tohoku from aomori to Lake Towada or similar.
Back home after 1 year work and travel in Japan and 3 month in Korea: www.teglas.asia (text is in German, but see the pictures!)
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