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Originally Posted by SHAD0W
No, I didn't know that - I'm guessing it's the が in ありがとう? How did that come to be? Did olden day Japanese say ありかとう？
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I do not think anyone said あり
かとう in the old days, either. It is just hard for us to say it without using rendaku.
かたい（難い） is a word meaning "hard, difficult" but it is not really used all by itself. Something must directly precede it. あり
がたい(ある ＋ かたい) literally means "hard to exist", which is like "precious". If you do something nice to another person, your action is "precious". It does not just exist anywhere: It needs to be commended. Voila, that is how you thank others.
ありがとう is originally the Kansai way of saying ありがたい/ありがたく. As you know, Kansai, namely the old capital (= present-day Kyoto) is where Classical Japanese was formed.
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I can't stand gravy so I won't be asking for any of that, but in the case of noodles and other things, I do enjoy soy sauce. Would that be しょうゆだくおねがいします？
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Nevermind the Gyuudon jargon, then. I wanted to introduce those words because they are new and used only at gyuudon places. If one does not know them, one has no choice but to form a long sentence to say "extra gravy" or "extra onion".
And no, you cannot place a random noun to precede だく to say "extra ~~". You will need to say 「～～を多めでお願いします。」 . I have explained in the past a few times what "adjective + め" means but it means "on the ~~ side" or "rather ~~".
The soup in うどん or そば is NOT called しょうゆ. It is called つゆ or おつゆ. しょうゆ is only one of its ingredients.
Asking for extra soup would be 「おつゆを多（おお）めで（ＯＲ に）お願いします。 」