Suffixes
 

What are all or most of the suffixes added to the end of verbs? Please specify what form the verb has to be in (Te form, dictionary form, stem form.)

ａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｅｎｄ　ｏｆ　ｖｅｒｂ．　Ｇｏｏｄ　 ｔｏ　ｂａｃｋｗａｒｄ　ｓｔｕｄｙ．Ｉ　ａｍ　ｇｌ ａｄ．Ｗｅｌｌ，　ｓｏ　ｍａｎｙ　ｔｉｍｅｓ　ｉｓ

～ｔｅ
～ｍａｓｕ
～ｉｒｕ
～ａｒｕ
～ｉｍａｓｕ
～ｍａｓｈｉｔａ
～ｓｈｉｔａ
～ｍａｓｅｎ
～ｍａｓｅｎｄｅｓｈｉｔａ

ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ：
Ｗａｌｋ　ｉｓ　歩く。

歩く　「あるく」　ａｒｕｋｕ　　－　ｗａｌｋ
歩きます　「歩きます」　ａｒｕｋｉｍａｓｕ　－　ｗ ａｌｋ
歩かない　「あるかない」　－　ｎｏｔ　ｗａｌｋ
歩きません　「あるきません」　－　ｎｏｔ　ｗａｌｋ

歩いた　「あるいた」　ａｒｕｉｔａ　－　ｗａｌｋｅ ｄ
歩きます　「あるきます」　ａｒｕｋｉｍａｓｕ　－ｗ ａｌｋｅｄ
歩かなかった　「あるかなかった」　－　ｎｏｔ　ｗａ ｌｋｅｄ
歩きませんでした　「あるきませんでした」　－　ｎｏ ｔ　ｗａｌｋｅｄ

歩いて　「あるいて」　ａｒｕｉｔｅ　－　ｗａｌｋ


Ｓｏ　ｉｆ　ｙｏｕ　ｗａｎｔ　ｓａｙ　”Ｌｅｔ’ｓ 　ｗａｌｋ　ｏｒ　ｇｏ”　ｔｏ　ｆｒｉｅｎｄ，　ｍ ａｙｂｅ　ｓａｙ　行きましょう！　Ｂｕｔ　ａｓｋ　 ｙｏｕｒ　ｆｒｉｅｎｄ，　ｍｉｇｈｔ　ｓａｙ　”ｋ ｕｄａｓａｉ”　ｌｉｋｅ　”Ｐｌｅａｓｅ　ｓｔａｎ ｄ”，　立ってください。　Ｉｆ　ｓａｙ　”Ｌｅｔ’ ｓ　ｍｅｅｔ　ｔｏｍｏｒｒｏｗ　ａｔ　８”　”明日 八時に会おう。”　「あした　はちじに　あおう」　ｉ ｓ　ｇｏｏｄ　ｔｏｏ．　　Ｏ．Ｋ．？　　Ｔｈａｎｋ 　ｙｏｕ　ｓｏ　ｍｕｃｈ！

Yep, and just to clarify, the ~te form is a command for, and adding "kudasai" to the end makes it a request.

It is kinda hard to ask for the most common suffix, coz they all have different meanings so you will find them in different occasions. For example they put in the list mashita, but the ta itself is a suffix (past tense particle).
Then you have to specify what you call suffixes. In english a suffix is just made of few letters which show a certain class a noun belongs to which don't have a real meaning taken alone (er, ish...and so on) and in very few cases can be a word (like, hood...).
Now what you might think a suffix it might not be. It might be a simple particle like ta, te rareru and so on... It might be another verb as in 私はｵﾍﾟﾗに行きつけている (watashi ha opera ni ikitshuketeiru=I often go to the opera) where the verb つける in this case goes after a verb and means being used to. It might be an adjective like in ｲﾀﾘｱへ帰りたい (itaria e kaeritai tai=I want to go back to Italy) where tai gives the verb a value of desire, wanting. But if you want you can find things like nouns (as in こと koto) or preposition (for example に ni used with combinations with verbs come/go).

In my opinion the range is too big to say the most used. The only thing is study and with time you will encounter them all. Thanks to MMM I just found out another suffix which wasn't even in my dictionary...so patience Luke Skywalker, take one step at the time.

Just my 2 cents....