[Help] Japanese Verbs

[AmgedIsmail]

The verb "buy"
What is the affirmative and negative form of it?
I studied that we should add masu to make it affirmative.
and add "masen" to make it negative.
And I searched in a dictionary about the verb "buy" and I found that it has the meaning "kaituro　かいとる".
So, can I add "masu" and "masen" to it?
kaitorumasu かいとるます
kaitorumasen かいとるません

ِAnd generally, can I add these two suffixes to any transitive verb?
Currently I studied the verbs "eat", "drink", "play,do", "read", "go", "come" that can have "masu" and "masen" to them.

eat "tabemasu たべます" Don't/Doesn't eat "tabemasen たべません"
drink "nomimasu のみます" Don't/Doesn't drink "nomimasen のみません"
play "shimasu します" Don't/Doesn't play "shimasen しません"
read "yomimasu よみます" Don't/Doesn't read "yomimasen よみません"
go "ikimasu いきます" Don't/Doesn't come "ikimasen いきません"
come "kimasu きます" Don't/Doesn't come "kimasen きません"

So what about verbs like buy??

[Fujiko]

When you search in the dictionary, you get the dictionary form. Dictionary form isn't the same as desu/masu form.

Most students learn "To buy" in dictionary form as かう. The desu/masu form you're talking about will be かいます/かいません respectively.

To put things into perspective, "to eat" is たべます, but if you look for it in the dictionary, you'll most likely see it listed as たべる (the dictionary form).

Later on in your studies, you'll learn how to conjugate the verbs from dictionary to desu/masu form and vice-versa. If you need help conjugating verbs, there are a lot of resources on this forum! Hope that helped!

[AmgedIsmail]

どもありがとうございます。
Thank you very much.

So in the dictionary the verb end in "ru る"?
But what is this "to と" in the verb?
Kaitoru かいとる

[Cola]

So in the dictionary the verb end in "ru る"?
But what is this "to と" in the verb?
Kaitoru かいとる

Dictionary form verbs may end in う, つ, る, む, ぶ, ぬ, く, or ぐ. As far as conjugation goes, there are two types of verbs in Japanese, plus three irregular verbs (and all the compound verbs tacked on to those irregular verbs). In Japanese classes, these two categories are often referred to as う-verbs and る-verbs or as type 1 and type 2 verbs. This has nothing to do with transitivity, only conjugation. The dictionary form of う-verbs may end in any of the endings you see above, including る. る-verbs only end in る and conjugate differently from う-verbs. As you can see, there is some overlap, as both う- and る-verbs may end in る. However, a verb that ends in る can only be one type or the other - if you see a dictionary form of a verb that ends in る and don't already know which type it is, you won't be able to tell which one it's supposed to be; in this case you just have to already know which type it is. If you don't know, you'll have to look it up or ask. If it's conjugated, however, you'll know immediately, because the forms are distinct.

To conjugate う-verbs into ます/ません form, take the ending hiragana character (the above-mentioned う, つ, る, む, ぶ, ぬ, く, or ぐ), change it to the い-form in the same hiragana group, and add ます or ません. So, for example, う becomes い, つ becomes ち, る becomes り, etc. (it can be easier to think of it using English spelling to start - take the last "u" and turn it into an "i", so "u" becomes "i", "tsu" becomes "tsi" but there is no "tsi" in Japanese so it must be "chi", "ru" becomes "ri" - gotta use your head a bit). So, かう (to buy) becomes かいます, かつ (to win) becomes かちます, はしる (to run) becomes はしります etc.

With る-verbs, just cut off the る and add ます/ません. You already know one る-verb - たべる. Cut off the る, add ます and you get たべます.

You already know the only 3 irregular verbs in Japanese - する (to do), くる (to come), and いく (to go). You just remember their conjugations, which are する - します/しません, くる - きます/きません, and いく - いきます/いきません. As I briefly mentioned above, however, there are many compound verbs that use these three irregulars as their ending. You just conjugate them the same way you conjugate the plain irregular verbs.

There are more conjugation forms than this, but you'll learn them as you go along.

かう is the basic word for "to buy". かいとる would be a word to use when a business buys something or purchasing made in a business context, like buying out another company. You should probably only need かう right now.

[AmgedIsmail]

Oh, thank you very much.
That's seems too easy for me.
I understood.
わかりました。
I think Japanese Language is not as too complicated as English one except for this kanji study which I don't know how I am going to study them.... That is what makes Japanese language complicated is the Kanji system....

[Sumippi]

かいとる＝かう＋とる。
かいとる consists of two verbs, 買う(to buy)＋取る(to take/get etc.) .
If you want to know how it conjugates, see how 「とる」 conjugates.