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A Lesson on Sequential Actions for 中・上級 Learners -
03-04-2011, 09:10 PM
Edited to take into account masaegu's proofreading. Thanks!
Same book, same translator. Here you go! 時間的前後関係 Sequential Actions ２級 〜てはじめて 〜上で・〜上の 〜て以来 〜てからでないと・〜てからでなければ 〜うちに・〜ないうちに 〜に先立って・〜に先立つ １級 〜てからというもの（は） ===〜てはじめて=== Used when you want to say that before an event, X was not true, but after the event, X became true and the event was the reason. Examples: 入院してはじめて健康のありがたさがわかりました。 Once I had been hospitalized, I finally understood the preciousness of health. スポーツは自分でやってみてはじめてそのおもしろさが わかるのです。 Once I tried out sports myself, I understood the interest [people have in sports]. ===〜上で・〜上の=== When you want to say "After ~, based on that, the next action occurred." Usage: ta-form or the noun in a する verbの＋上で Examples: 詳しいことはお目にかかった上で、説明いたします。 I will explain the details once we meet. どの大学を受験するか、両親との相談の上で、決めます 。 As to which university to take the entrance exam for, after talking with my parents, I will decide. ===〜て以来=== Used when you want to say "After some action, a circumstance/state became and remained true." You cannot use it for something that occurs only once after an event/action. Examples: 大学を卒業して以来、中山さんには一度も会っていませ ん。 Since graduating from university, I haven't met Nakayama at all. 一人暮らしを始めて以来、ずっと外食が続いている。 Since beginning to live alone, I have constantly [done nothing but] eat out. ===〜てからでないと・〜てからでなければ=== Used when you want to say that in order for ~ not to happen, it is necessary to do ~ ahead of time. The second part of the sentence should be something troublesome or impossible. Examples: 野菜を生で食べるなら、よく洗ってからでないと、農薬 が心配だ。 If you're going to eat vegetables raw, until you clean them well, pesticides are a concern. 木村教授には前もって電話してからでないと、お会いで きないかもしれません。 Unless you call Prof. Kimura ahead of time, you might not be able to meet with him. ===〜うちに・〜ないうちに=== Used when you want to say "while ~ is true, I will do things because once ~ is not true, doing those things becomes difficult." Usage: present form of a clause + うちに Examples: 独身のうちに、いろいろなことをやってみたいです。 While I am single, I want to try out many things. 「若いうちに勉強しなかったら、いったいいつ勉強する んですか。」 If you do not study while you are young, when the hell are you going to study?!" ===〜に先立って・〜に先立つ=== "Before ~ happens, in preparation ~" The preparation should be something quite important/big. Usage: dictionary form or the noun part of a する verb ＋に先だって Examples: 出発に先立って、大きい荷物は全部送っておきました。 Before departing, I sent all my big luggage. 移転に先立つ調査に、時間もお金もかかってしまった。 I spent time and money on an investigation prior to transferring. ===〜てからというもの（は）=== "Since doing ~, ~ [all the time]" The preceding event often serves as the motivation/momentum behind the second event. A person's emotions are often tied up in the outcome, too. Examples: たばこをやめてからというもの、食欲が出て体の調子が とてもいい。 Since giving up smoking, I have had an appetite and I have felt good. あの本を読んでからというものは、どう生きるべきかに ついて考えない日はない。 Since reading that book, there has not been a day when I haven't thought how I ought to live. 
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03-05-2011, 02:40 AM
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03-05-2011, 03:16 AM
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修正をありがとうございました。
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03-05-2011, 03:30 AM
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There is no phrase 独身する. You may be thinking of 独立する.
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03-05-2011, 03:55 AM
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One side effect of learning a lot of words with a shared kanji is that this type of thing happens sometimes. Of course, I learned both 独身 and 独立 in my second semester of Japanese IIRC, so that's not really an excuse this time. I'm just growing senile! 
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