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06-28-2009, 12:08 PM
I want numbers. I want studies. I want research literature. When dealing with policy changes what we "know" at our common epistemic level is no longer tolerable, as we have entered a higher epistemic level requiring much stricter standards of evidence for any of our "knowledge" to be epistemically justifiable, and therefore defendable.
In the lower epistemic context, I think we can all claim to know what you say above. However, for the purposes of policy, I do not think we can make that same claim at all. |
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06-28-2009, 12:51 PM
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This is essentially what I said above. |
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06-28-2009, 04:34 PM
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But as you are foot-stamping; allow me to elucidate. I said "the majority of rapists are men"; RTS | Statistics Rape Trauma Services Statistics say: "According to the U.S. Department of Justice, an estimated 91% of the victims of rape and sexual assault are female and 9% are male. Nearly 99% of the offenders they described in single-victim incidents are male. Lawrence A. Greenfield. 1997. Sex Offenses and Offenders: An Analysis of Data on Rape and Sexual Assault. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice." I said; "the majority of sufferers of violent psychiatric disorders are male" and if you want some figures on neuro-pathology, Pinel has written an excellent introduction to neurobiology with full statistics of various psychiatric disorders relating to gender. I haven't memorized them, I'm sorry, nor do I have the text to hand or I would indeed try to satisfy your offense against my "unjustifiable epistemic level". The World Health Organization, however states "Men are also more than three times more likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder than women." and this report http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/224028.pdf states: "Although there appear to be no gender differences in the overall rates of mental disorder, men and women do differ in the type of disorder experienced (Dohrenwend & Dohrenwend 1976; Kessler & McLeod 1984; Hankin 1990; Aneshensel et al. 1991; Rosenfield 1999). With respect to gender differences for specific diagnoses, women have higher rates of depression and anxiety disorder (referred to as “internalizing” disorders), while men have higher rates of substance abuse and antisocial disorders (also called “externalizing” disorders) (Robins et al. 1991; Potts et al. 1991; Kessler & Shanyang 1999; Rosenfield 1999). Current explanations for these gender differences (internalizing versus externalizing) refer to divisions in power and responsibilities—women earn less than men, tend to have jobs with less power and autonomy, and are more responsive to the problems of people in their social networks—all of which contribute to psychological distress on the part of women (Kessler & McLeod 1984; Brown & Harris 1989; Rosenfield 1989; Aneshensel et al. 1991; Horwitz et al. 1998; Rosenfield 1999; Thoits 1999; Turner & Lloyd 1999). Although women are encouraged to act out their distress in an emotional or dependent manner, men are socialized into acting out, or externalizing their distress, through substance abuse or antisocial behavior. Though complicated, there does appear to be a relationship between gender, crime, depression, and substance use. Available research makes it clear that women are more likely to be depressed than men (Mirowsky 1996); in contrast, men are significantly more likely than women to be involved in substance abuse and crime (Steffensmeier & Allan 1996; Rosenfield 1999)." I said, "the majority of those who have committed crimes based off of media" and this is I think the only one I cannot substantiate at the moment as firstly I've lost patience with journal digging and secondly I'm not sure there is much research in this area at the moment. Go through news paper articles and count. I can only think of examples reported where men committed the crime, vis GTA inspired crime (6 teenage males), aid's blackmailer inspired by TV Crime series, Allan Menzies, the Clockwork Orange murders in spain (three teenage males), Allan Bentley, Mark McKeefrey and Graham Neary who commited a Reservoir Dogs killing, Ted Bundy (fancination with violent porn), Miyazaki (ditto), this site The link between media and crime - mediamarch mentions more. Finally I said "more men are pedophiles than women"; the National Centre on Child Abuse Prevention Research states: "In 90% of child sexual abuse cases, the offenders are male". |
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06-29-2009, 02:19 AM
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